Reality television is a result of evolving market forces. Certainly, the rising cost of production coupled with the increased demand for content with the worldwide proliferation of cable are two obvious drivers.
Reality television especially of the type that is integrated with the Internet or with direct viewer response is also part of the evolving trend towards interactive media with the younger demographic. Interactivity is part of the gaming generation's fascination with role-playing.
According to John C. Beck and Mitchell Wade, in their study of the gaming generation's attitudes towards business, entertainment software has trained this generation to expect a heightened relationship based on immediate rewards or consequences with media and the world at large. I believe this ethos towards role-playing and interactivity is seen in the form of reality-based shows like "American Idol" and the "Apprentice".
With advertising in turmoil on broadcast TV, reality shows - like "American Idol" or even Tommy Hilfiger's less successful "The Cut" - take product placement well beyond a can of Coke enjoyed by our favorite television show's character. "Idol was simply a marketing tool for me to sell records," says Simon Cowell on "Larry King Live. "The show was one thing but it was actually my record label, which was the most important thing. So, my background is I run a record label, and I still run a record label and that's really my passion.
Of course, the real winner of "American Idol" is Cingular Wireless.
Cingular has an exclusive deal with the show's producers that let customers text their votes instead of trying to call in on busy lines. In Season Four last year, 41.5-million text votes were sent in; Cingular charges between $19.99 per month for a text package with 2,500 messages included and 10 cents per message on a pay-as-you-go plan, meaning the company raked in as much as $4.15-million in text messaging fees from American Idol votes alone last year. When the Apprentice was at its peak, Ad Age writes that Yahoo's product placement was a solid success: "After the ice cream challenge during the second season, viewers were told to go search Yahoo, and within three hours of the end of the show, the term 'Apprentice Ice Cream' was the third-most-searched term on Yahoo that day. By 5 o'clock the next afternoon, the ice cream was sold out," says Yahoo VP Jim Moloshok.
And the results kept coming. After the Levis challenge, "[f]our days after that episode ran, viewers were still searching Yahoo avidly for 'Apprentice Jeans' to get a copy of the catalog. And "Apprentice Jeans" was still ranked No. 1 among Yahoo Web searches," AdAge reports. Using secret tracking devices, Yahoo discovered that "The core demographic for the ice cream was 21 to 34 years old. For the jeans, it was 35 to 44." Yahoo VP Moloshok says, "If you can complete the loop, product placements like Mark Burnett is doing are one of the most effective ways to get people engaged with a product."
